What is the best description of Waste in "Lean" terms?

The correct answer to this question is C. Lean Thinking was first coined in 1996 in a book titled, Lean Thinking by James Womack and Daniel Jones. The authors studied Toyota in the early 1950s to come up with the concept and its tenants. In "lean" practices, waste is the use of any resource that does not add value to the customer.

This is considered waste because in lean terms, anything that is unnecessary is wasteful to the process. If there is waste, there is an opportunity to improve your system. One criticism of lean thinking is that it puts undue pressure on business and their employees.