How are major factories prevented from releasing waste in waterbodies?

Some major factories dump their waste especially dirty water waste into rivers and streams. In most cases, they are not allowed to pollute the rivers and streams in our cities. However, in some cities and towns, these factories are allowed to dump a certain amount into the rivers and streams, but they must only pollute a small amount of dirty water.

Usually, solid waste is not allowed to be dumped. Other major factories are given other ways to release their waste so that the rivers do not get overly polluted. They may dump their waste in trash cans if it is solid. Other times they must take the liquid waste and make it a solid. Otherwise, it could leak into the groundwater.