What are the different types of Covid-19 vaccines being tested in different parts of the world?

For a long time, we waited for a vaccine for COVID-19, and now the time has come; and there are a few separate types of vaccines that are available, and they are not live attenuated. These vaccines contain an active but weakened version of the virus. Live attenuated vaccines include measles, mumps, smallpox, yellow fever, and Coronavirus, which is different from COVID-19. Inactivated vaccines include a virus that has been killed, and they often necessitate a booster shot because the immunity they provide does not last long. Examples of inactivated vaccines include polio, rabies, hepatitis A and the flu.

The FDA has approved the COVID-19 immunization for Pfizer and Moderna pharmaceutical companies. This vaccine is a nucleic acid, and they do not have the virus within them at all. Nucleic acid contains genetic material DNA and RNA. When given the vaccine, it provides the cells instructions to produce a certain protein type that fights the virus. Currently, this vaccine is being given worldwide, and it is a series of one-shot and then three weeks later a second shot.

Countries currently working to create vaccines are the United States, China, England, Brazil, India, Belgium, France, Italy, Thailand, and Spain. There are others, and the studies will continue.

The world is still battling with the deadly virus that has resulted in a pandemic. Researchers and scientist are working ceaselessly to produce a vaccine that can prevent an infection with Coronavirus.

There a 4 main types of vaccine in at clinical trial stage:

1. Whole virus vaccine: vaccine made from whole virus works by using whole viruses to trigger an immune response. It could be a live attenuated vaccine or a weak form of the virus can still replicate in the system without causing an illness.

2. Protein subunit: in this type, a piece of the pathogen usually a protein fragment is used to trigger an immune response. It has lesser side effect although the immune response generated here is much lesser than that of the whole virus vaccine.

3. Nuclei acid: in this case, genetic material such as DNA or RNA is used to provide instructions to make antigen. When the genetic material gets to the body, it makes antigen that can trigger immune response.

4. Viral vector: this involves the use of harmless virus to give genetic instructions to produce antigen. The virus is used as a vector virus.

2020 has been the year of the pandemic due to COVID-19. People around the world have been impacted by this virus, and almost everyone knows someone that has been affected by the virus. Thankfully, it looks like we are approaching the light at the end of the tunnel, as there are many vaccines that have been created to help against the spread of the virus. There is an RNA vaccine.

It works when the mRNA sequences are introduced to the body. From there, it is coded as an antigen for the virus. There is also a DNA vaccine, which works by having the vaccine directly introduced to the appropriate plasmid tissues. One vaccine is Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine and the other is Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine

Covid-19 has been a headache for every country in the world, and it really got the world and every sector unstable in the year 2020. As a means to overcome this virus, and to also prevent a 2020 kind of 2021, several laboratories in different countries have been really trying to develop different kinds of vaccines.

These kinds or types of vaccines are:

1. RNA: this is known as Ribonucleic acid, a macromolecule that comprises protein, carbohydrates, and lipids, and important for living. RNA vaccines work through the introduction of mRNA sequence into the system of the body, which is coded as an antigen for a specific disease.

2. DNA: A deoxyribonucleic acid vaccine works by introducing the vaccine directly into the appropriate plasmid tissues.

3. Viral vector: this kind of vaccine carries DNA into the human cells with the help of live viruses.

4. Inactivated virus: this kind of vaccine makes use of a part of the virus that causes the disease, but not active anymore.