Most of the Indian coals contain less trace elements but at the same time, a greater fraction of inorganic impurities compared to coals from other countries. In addition, Indian coals have a high ash content and a high ash fusion temperature, poor wash ability characteristics, generally low alkali content, and from a slag viscosity perspective, a favorable silica-alumina ratio.
The high ash content is believed to be due to the fact that Indian coal is of drift origin, meaning original plant materials were transported by rivers. As the plant material flowed, it collected contaminates like clay and other waste materials.
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