Which part of the brain takes in charge of involuntary actions such as breathing, heartbeat?

The medulla oblongata is also known as the medulla. This is in charge of the ANS responses which means that these are the responses that the body needs to do involuntarily. This means that the medulla controls the heart rate, blood vessel dilation, sneezing, breathing, swallowing, and so much more.

This is located at the portion of the brain stem. This can be found right below the pons and above the spinal cord. When the medulla becomes damaged, people will have a hard time controlling some of their muscles.

Some may have trouble swallowing because something that they used to do easily on their own cannot be done properly when the medulla is not functioning normally.